HD 80606 b

HD 80606 b
Extrasolar planet List of extrasolar planets

Computer simulation of weather systems on HD 80606 b,
to scale with Jupiter
Parent star
Star HD 80606
Constellation Ursa Major
Right ascension (α) 09h 22m 37.5679s
Declination (δ) +50° 36′ 13.397″
Apparent magnitude (mV) 8.93
Distance 190 ly
(58 pc)
Spectral type G5V
Orbital elements
Semimajor axis (a) 0.453 ± 0.015[1] AU
(67.8 Gm)
    7.8 mas
Periastron (q) 0.0301 AU
(4.50 Gm)
Apastron (Q) 0.876 AU
(131 Gm)
Eccentricity (e) 0.9336 ± 0.0002[2]
Orbital period (P) 111.436 ± 0.003[1] d
(0.30509 y)
    (2674.5 h)
Orbital speed (υ) 31.7[notes 1] km/s
Inclination (i) 89.285 ± 0.023[2]°
Argument of
periastron		 (ω) 300.4977 ± 0.0045[2]°
Time of periastron (T0) 2,454,424.857 ± 0.05[1] JD
Time of transit (Tt) 2,454,876.344 ± 0.011[2] JD
Time of eclipse (Te) 2,454,424.736 ± 0.003[3] JD
Semi-amplitude (K) 472 ± 5[1] m/s
Physical characteristics
Mass (m) 4.0 ± 0.3[1] MJ
Radius (r) 0.921 ± 0.036[4] RJ
Density (ρ) 4440 ± 240[2] kg m-3
Surface gravity (g) 9.6 g
Temperature (T) at periastron: 1500 K
Discovery information
Discovery date April 4, 2001
Discoverer(s) Mayor et al.
Detection method Radial velocity
Discovery site Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search
Discovery status Published
Other designations
Struve 1341 B b, HIP 45982 b
Database references
Extrasolar Planets
Encyclopaedia		 data
SIMBAD data

HD 80606 b (also Struve 1341 B b or HIP 45982 b) is a superjovian planet (Eccentric Jupiter) 190 light-years distant in the constellation of Ursa Major. The planet was discovered orbiting the star Struve 1341 B in April 2001 by a team led by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz. Based on its mass, at 4 times that of Jupiter, it is a gas giant. Since the planet transits its star, its radius is determined to be slightly smaller than Jupiter's. Its density is slightly less than Earth's.[2]

Contents

Physical properties

HD 80606 b has the most eccentric orbit of any planet known.[5] Its eccentricity is 0.9336, comparable to Halley's Comet. The eccentricity may be a result of the Kozai mechanism, which would occur if the planet's orbit is significantly inclined to that of the binary stars. This interpretation is supported by measurements of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, which indicate that the planet's orbit may be significantly inclined to the rotational axis of the star, a configuration which would be expected if the Kozai mechanism were responsible for the orbit.[1]

As a result of this high eccentricity, the planet's distance from its star varies from 0.03 to 0.88 AU. At apastron it would receive an insolation similar to that of Earth, while at periastron the insolation would be around 800 times greater, far more than that experienced by Mercury in our solar system. In 2009, the eclipse of HD 80606 b by its parent star was detected, allowing measurements of the planet's temperature to be made as the planet passed through periastron. These measurements indicated that the temperature rose from around 800 K (500 °C / 1000 °F) to 1500 K (1200 °C / 2200 °F) in just 6 hours.[3]

An observer above the cloud tops of the gas giant would see the parent star swell to 30 times the apparent size of the Sun in our own sky.[6]

The transit was detected using a Celestron 35-cm Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope.[2] Prior to the large data release of the Kepler Mission in February 2011, HD 80606 b has the longest orbital period of any known transiting planet.[5] It takes 12.1 hours to transit its star. The midpoint of the next transit is August 19, 2010 1:00 UT.[7]

Weather

The planet has wild variations in its weather as it orbits its parent star. Computer models predict the planet heats up 555 °C (1,000 °F) in just a matter of hours triggering "shock wave storms" with winds that move faster than the speed of sound, at 3 miles per second.[3][8]

Notes

  1. ^ From perimeter of the orbit divided by orbital period.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Moutou, C. et al. (2009). "Photometric and spectroscopic detection of the primary transit of the 111-day-period planet HD 80606 b". Astronomy and Astrophysics 498 (5): L5–L8. arXiv:0902.4457. Bibcode 2009A&A...498L...5M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911954. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Fossey, S. J., Waldman, I. P., and Kipping, D. M. (2009). "Detection of a transit by the planetary companion of HD 80606". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 396: L16–L20. arXiv:0902.4616. Bibcode 2009MNRAS.396L..16F. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00653.x. 
  3. ^ a b c Laughlin, G. et al. (2009). "Rapid heating of the atmosphere of an extrasolar planet". Nature 457 (7229): 562–564. Bibcode 2009Natur.457..562L. doi:10.1038/nature07649. PMID 19177124. 
  4. ^ Hidas, M. G. et al. (2010). "An ingress and a complete transit of HD 80606 b". arXiv:1002.1052 [astro-ph.EP]. 
  5. ^ a b "HD 80606 b". TransitSearch (Oklo Corporation). http://207.111.201.70/transitsearch/dynamiccontent/HD80606__b.results.html. Retrieved 2009-07-15. 
  6. ^ Robert Massey and Anita Heward (2009-04-21). "RAS PN 09/23 (NAM 10): London students find Jupiter-sized oddball planet". The Royal Astronomical Society. http://www.ras.org.uk//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1601&Itemid=2. Retrieved 2009-07-15. 
  7. ^ HD 80606 Transit Times - Variable Star and Exoplanets
  8. ^ "Exoplanet Sees Extreme Heat Waves". Space.com. January 28, 2009. http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/090128-hot-planet.html. 

External links

Media related to [//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:HD_80606_b HD 80606 b] at Wikimedia Commons

Coordinates: 09h 22m 37.5679s, +50° 36′ 13.397″